Estado nutricional e ingestão alimentar de pacientes em diálise peritoneal contínua com e sem hiperparatireoidismo secundário / Nutritional status and food intake of continuous peritoneal dialysis patients with and without secondary hyperparathyroidism

INTRODUÇÃO: O hiperparatireoidismo secundário (HPT2) é uma complicação comum e precoce em pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC). Estudos têm sugerido que os altos níveis de paratormônio (PTH) podem exercer efeitos deletérios no estado nutricional de pacientes com DRC. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o estado nutricional de pacientes com DRC em diálise peritoneal contínua (DPC) com e sem HPT2. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é comparar o estado nutricional de pacientes com DRC em diálise peritoneal contínua (DPC) com e sem HPTS. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 74 pacientes, entre adultos e idosos, divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com os níveis de PTH. No grupo 1 (n = 18) os níveis de PTH eram maiores do que 300 pg/mL e, no grupo 2, menores ou iguais a 300 pg/mL. O estado nutricional dos pacientes foi avaliado através da antropometria, exames bioquímicos e avaliação subjetiva global (ASG). O consumo alimentar foi avaliado através do registro alimentar de 3 dias. Foram coletados também dados clínicos, como cálcio e fósforo séricos, e a presença de inflamação foi avaliada através da dosagem de proteína C reativa ultrassensível (PCR US). RESULTADOS: A média de idade da população estudada foi de 54,97 ± 17,06 anos, com predominância de pacientes adultos (58,1%) e do sexo feminino (56,8%). O tempo de DPC expresso em mediana foi de 17 meses (7,75-33). Através da ASG, demonstrou-se prevalência de 36,5% de desnutridos na população. Na análise de diferença entre os grupos, em relação à antropometria, indicadores bioquímicos e ASG, bem como ingestão alimentar, não foram evidenciadas diferenças entre os grupos estudados. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve diferenças no estado nutricional e na ingestão alimentar entre os pacientes com e sem HPT2.

INTRODUCTION: Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a common and early complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Studies have suggested that high levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) may have deleterious effects on the nutritional status of patients with CKD. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the nutritional status of CKD patients in continuous peritoneal dialysis (CPD) with and without SHPT. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional status of CKD patients in continuous peritoneal dialysis (CPD) with and without SHPT. METHODS: 74 patients were evaluated, including adults and seniors, divided into two groups according to PTH levels. In group 1 (n = 18) levels of PTH higher than 300 pg/mL and in group 2 less than or equal to 300 pg/mL. The nutritional status of patients was assessed by anthropometry, biochemical and subjective global assessment (SGA). Food intake was measured by food record for 3 days. We also collected clinical data, such as calcium and serum phosphorus, and the presence of inflammation was assessed by measuring C-reactive protein ultra-sensitive (CRP US). RESULTS: The average age of the population studied was 54.97 ± 17.06 years, with predominance of adult patients (58.1%) and females (56.8%). The time of CPD expressed in median was 17 months (7.75-33). Through ASG, it was shown a prevalence of 36.5% of the population undernourished. In the analysis of difference between the groups in relation to anthropometry, biochemical indicators and ASG as well as food intake, there were no differences between the groups. CONCLUSION: There were no differences in nutritional status and dietary intake between patients with and without SHPT.

Desnutrição, inflamação e outros fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular em pacientes sob diálise peritoneal / Malnutrition, inflammation and other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis

OBJETIVO: Identificar a ocorrência de desnutrição, inflamação e outros fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular em pacientes sob diálise peritoneal. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, envolvendo 61 pacientes em duas unidades de diálise em Salvador (BA). O estado nutricional foi avaliado por meio da Avaliação Subjetiva Global. Realizou-se a dosagem de proteína C reativa ultrassensível para determinar inflamação. Foram estudados fatores de risco tradicionais para doença cardiovascular, como gênero, idade, etilismo, tabagismo, sedentarismo, hipertensão, diabetes, dislipidemia e hábitos alimentares e fatores não tradicionais, como alterações no metabolismo de cálcio, fósforo e anemia. RESULTADOS: Nessa população, 36,0 por cento dos pacientes encontravam-se desnutridos e 49,2 por cento com processo inflamatório. Desnutrição e inflamação foram evidenciadas em 21,3 por cento dos pacientes. O grupo de pacientes desnutridos apresentou níveis maiores de proteína C reativa ultrassensível do que o de pacientes com bom estado nutricional (p=0,04). A elevada ocorrência dos outros fatores risco para doença cardiovascular também foi observada na população. CONCLUSÃO: A desnutrição ainda é frequente nos pacientes sob diálise peritoneal, assim como a inflamação. Pacientes desnutridos apresentam maiores níveis séricos de proteína C reativa ultrassensível do que aqueles com bom estado nutricional. Observa-se que muitos dos fatores de risco evidenciados na população estudada são passíveis de terapêutica.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the occurrence of malnutrition, inflammation and other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. METHODS: This is a crosssectional study comprising 61 patients from two dialysis units in Salvador (Bahia, Brazil). Nutritional status was determined by the global subjective assessment and inflammation by the ultra sensitive creactive protein levels. Traditional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as gender, age, consumption of alcoholic beverages, smoking, inactivity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and food habits, as well as nontraditional factors such as disturbed calcium and phosphorus metabolism and anemia, were investigated. RESULTS: Malnutrition was found in 36.0 percent of the patients in the population under study whereas inflammation was present in 49.2 percent of them. Patients with both malnutrition and inflammation were shown to comprise 21.3 percent of the sample. Ultra sensitive creactive protein levels were found to be higher (p=0.04) in malnourished patients than in those with good nutritional status. High rates of other risk factors for cardiovascular disease were also observed in this population. CONCLUSION: Malnutrition and inflammation are still common among patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Ultra sensitive creactive protein levels were found to be higher among malnourished patients than in well-nourished patients. Many of the risk factors found in the studied population are treatable.

Renal involvement in prolonged Salmonella bacteremia: the role of schistosomal glomerulopathy

Renal involvement has been well documented in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and in patients with prolonged Salmonella bacteremia (PSB). Whether there is a specific renal lesion related to PSB or the chronic bacterial infection aggravates a pre-existing schistosomal glomerulopathy has been a matter of controversy. To analyze the clinical manifestations and histopathological findings of the renal involvement, 8 patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and PSB (group I) were compared with 8 patients with schistosomal glomerulopathy (group II) matched by sex and glomerular disease. The mean age in group I was 17.7 years. All patients presented with hematuria, in 4 cases associated with non-nephrotic proteinuria. In group II the mean age was 23 years; nephrotic syndrome was the clinical presentation in 7 of the 8 patients in the group. All patients in group I experienced remission of the clinical and laboratory abnormalities as the salmonella infection was cured; in group II the patients had persistent, steroid-resistant, nephrotic syndrome. On histological examination, no difference was noted between the two groups, except for pronounced glomerular hypercellularity and interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration in group I. These observations strongly suggest that PSB exacerbates a pre-existing sub-clinical schistosomal glomerulopathy by the addition of active lesions directly related to the prolonged bacteremia